Introduction

SonarQube is an open-source platform designed to help developers in writing better-quality code. It provides a range of tools and features for code analysis, quality assurance, continuous inspection, maintainability, and reliability of software development projects.

This article will explain how to install SonarQube on Debian 11|10.

Install Java

Update the system and install the required tools.

$ sudo apt -y update
$ sudo apt install net-tools wget unzip ufw

Edit the file /etc/sysctl.conf to fit the necessary SonarQube requirements.
```
$ sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf
```
Add the following lines at the end of the file.
```
$ vm.max_map_count=262144
$ fs.file-max=65536
```
Reload the system configurations.
```
$ sudo sysctl --system
```
Install Java 11 using the following command.
```
$ sudo apt -y install openjdk-11-jdk
```

Install PostgreSQL

Add PostgreSQL repository.

$ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ `lsb_release -cs`-pgdg main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'

Install PostgreSQL using the following command.
```
$ sudo apt -y update
$ sudo apt -y install postgresql postgresql-contrib
```
This will install PostgreSQL along with some additional contributed packages.

Enable and start PostgreSQL.

$ sudo systemctl start postgresql
$ sudo systemctl enable postgresql

Now that we have installed PostgreSQL, we need to create a database and a user for SonarQube.
```
$ sudo su postgres
$ psql
```
Create a Database and user for Sonarqube.
```
CREATE USER sonarqube WITH PASSWORD 'password';
CREATE DATABASE sonarqube OWNER sonarqube;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON DATABASE sonarqube TO sonarqube;
exit
```
These commands will create a new PostgreSQL user named "sonar", a database named "sonarqube", and grant all privileges to the "sonar" user on the "sonarqube" database.
Return to your non-root account
```
$ exit
```

Download and install SonarQube

Download SonarQube using the following command.

$ wget https://binaries.sonarsource.com/Distribution/sonarqube/sonarqube-9.2.2.50622.zip

Once the download is complete, unzip the package using the following command.
```
$ sudo unzip sonarqube-*.zip
$ sudo mv sonarqube-*/ /opt/sonarqube
```

Create a System User account for SonarQube.

$ sudo useradd -M -d /opt/sonarqube/ -r -s /bin/bash sonarqube

Change the ownership of the installation directory
```
$ sudo chown -R sonarqube: /opt/sonarqube
```

Configure SonarQube

Open the "/opt/sonarqube/conf/sonar.properties" file using your preferred text editor.
```
$ sudo nano /opt/sonarqube/conf/sonar.properties
```

Find and Update the following properties in the file.

sonar.jdbc.username=sonarqube
sonar.jdbc.password=password
sonar.jdbc.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost/sonarqube
sonar.web.host=<your-ip-address>
sonar.web.port=9000

Create a SonarQube Systemd Service File.

$ sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/sonarqube.service

Add the below lines in the file and then save and close it.

[Unit]
Description=SonarQube service 
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service] 
Type=forking
ExecStart=/opt/sonarqube/bin/linux-x86-64/sonar.sh start
ExecStop=/opt/sonarqube/bin/linux-x86-64/sonar.sh stop
User=sonarqube
Group=sonarqube
Restart=always
LimitNOFILE=65536
LimitNPROC=4096

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save and close the file.

Start and enable the SonarQube service.

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl start sonarqube
$ sudo systemctl enable sonarqube

Allow port 9000 through the firewall.
```
$ sudo ufw allow 9000
```
Once SonarQube is up and running, you can access it by opening a web browser and navigating to http://your_server_ip:9000. use the username ‘admin‘ and password as ‘admin‘.